 Student mobility refers to a study period taken mainly abroad and returning home afterwards. There are four main aspects on this issue: Horizontal MobilityHorizontal mobility means that students spends a period of their studies in another country. Vertical MobilityVertical mobility means that students take a full degree abroad. EU ProgramsDuring recent years, the European Commission has initiated various student, post graduate and teacher mobility schemes. These are open not only to EU citizens, but also to citizens of EU candidate countries and countries of the European Economic Area. Brain MobilityThe process whereby a country loses its most talented and educated people to other countries because there is a lack of opportunities in their own.
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 The most likely answer to the question: "What does the European institutions have to do with higher education?" would be "Absolutely nothing!" Higher education is not in any of the pillars of the competences of the European Communities and is purely a national matter. The much talked about Bologna process is a fine example of European cooperation but it is also a fine example of European cooperation outside of the EU framework. The Bologna process is a voluntary agreement between governments from all over Europe, not only those already within the European Union, its accession and candidate states and the EEA. |
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 In July 2001 the European Parliament and Council received a Communication by the Commission on strengthening EU-third country co-operation in higher education. Ministers welcomed the communication and further emphasised the need to promote European higher education and to encourage international collaboration, of which co-operation with third-countries outside the European Union is an important element. |
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